Chapter 4
فِعْل - مُذَكَّر (Verbs - Masculine)
جَدْوَل النَّحْو الْمَرْجِعِيّ
Masculine Sarf Master Table
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الضَّمِير
Pronoun
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الْإِشَارَة
Gesture
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فِعْل مَاضِي
Past
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فِعْل مُضَارِع
Present
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فِعْل أَمْر
Imperative
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd Person (He/They) | ||||
| هُوَ |
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فَعَلَ
He did
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يَفْعَلُ
He does
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—
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| هُمْ |
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فَعَلُوا
They All did
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يَفْعَلُونَ
They All do
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—
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| 2nd Person (You) | ||||
| أَنْتَ |
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فَعَلْتَ
You did
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تَفْعَلُ
You do
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اِفْعَلْ
Do! (Single)
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| أَنْتُمْ |
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فَعَلْتُمْ
You All did
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تَفْعَلُونَ
You All do
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اِفْعَلُوا
Do! (Plural)
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| 1st Person (Speaker) | ||||
| أَنَا |
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فَعَلْتُ
I did
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أَفْعَلُ
I do
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—
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| نَحْنُ |
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فَعَلْنَا
We did
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نَفْعَلُ
We do
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—
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الْمُثَنَّى
Dual Verbs - Masculine
When conjugating verbs for exactly two people (dual), specific endings are attached. Here are the masculine dual forms for the root verb فَعَلَ:
| هُمَا |
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فَعَلَا
They Two did
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يَفْعَلَانِ
They Two do
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—
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| أَنْتُمَا |
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فَعَلْتُمَا
You Two did
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تَفْعَلَانِ
You Two do
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اِفْعَلَا
Do! (dual)
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Grammar tip: The past tense dual ends in an Alif (ا) for 3rd person, and `تُمَا` for 2nd person. The present tense dual ends in `اَنِ`.
Pattern Tips
1. Attached Suffixes
Attached pronouns (Col 2) are always added to the end. They change a word from "House" to "His House" or "Book" to "Your Book".
2. Past Tense Ends
The Past tense (Col 3) only modifies the ending of the root. Look for suffixes like تَ (You), تُمْ (You all), or نَا (We).
3. Present Tense Starts
The Present tense (Col 4) is identified by its prefixes. Remember the أَتَيْنَا group: أَ ، تَ ، يَ ، نَ at the beginning of the word.
The Root Formula
Every Arabic verb follows a 3-letter root formula. Here, we use ف-ع-ل. Simply swap these three letters with any other root (like خ-ل-ق) and the suffixes/prefixes remain exactly the same!