Chapter 6

الْجَمْع (Plurals)

Master the 3 types of Arabic plurals: Sound Masculine, Sound Feminine, and the internal changes of Broken Plurals.
أَنْوَاعُ الْجَمْعِ
The 3 Types of Plurals
النَّوع
Plural Type
القَاعِدَة
Rule
الْمُفْرَد
Singular
الْجَمْع
Plural
جَمْع مُذَكَّر سَالِم
Sound Masculine
For Humans
ـُونَ / ـِينَ
Ends in "oon/een"
مُسْلِم
Muslim
مُسْلِمُونَ
Muslims
جَمْع مُؤَنَّث سَالِم
Sound Feminine
Ends in "aat"
ـَات
Universal
آيَة
Verse
آيَات
Verses
جَمْع تَكْسِير
Broken Plural
Internal Change
Irregular like:
Man → Men
قَلْب
Heart
قُلُوب
Hearts
Plural Tips
1. The "Human" Rule

The ـُونَ and ـِينَ endings are almost always for Humans. Non-human plurals are usually Broken or Feminine.


2. Broken = "She"

In Arabic grammar, Broken plurals for non-humans are treated as Singular Feminine. This is a very common Quranic pattern!

Why "Broken"?

It is called "Broken" because the original singular word's structure is "broken" to insert or remove letters internally.

أَوْزَان جَمْع التَّكْسِير (Common Broken Plural Patterns)

Broken plurals follow specific rhythmic patterns (Weights). Here are the top 6 from the Quran:

أَفْعَال
Very Common
أَنْهَار (Rivers)
أَبْصَار (Visions)
أَعْمَال (Actions)
فُعُول
Internal "OO" sound
قُلُوب (Hearts)
بُيُوت (Houses)
صُدُور (Chests)
فُعُل
Short & Sharp
كُتُب (Books)
رُسُل (Messengers)
صُحُف (Pages)
فُعَلَاء
Nobles / People
عُلَمَاء (Scholars)
شُهَدَاء (Witnesses)
فُقَرَاء (The Poor)
فِعَال
Strong & Tall
رِجَال (Men)
جِبَال (Mountains)
بِحَار (Seas)
مَفَاعِل
Places / Tools
مَسَاجِد (Mosques)
مَصَابِيح (Lamps)
مَوَازِين (Scales)